![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Meanwhile, Gambrell (2011) noted that 37% of students did not read for enjoyment as it was reported from Program for International Student Assessment in across 64 countries. The additional goal then is to make the students find their own joy in reading to increase their motivation. (2001) argued that there should be intentional and ongoing active invitations to the students to respond and interact with the oral reading of story through interactive read-aloud. Johnston (2016) defined read-aloud as an instructional practice in which teachers or parents read text aloud to children incorporating pitch, tone, pace, volume changes, questions, and comments to produce fluent and engaging delivery. Reading aloud is both promoted in the family and at school for both first language and second language learners. The habit of reading as part of American culture begins at the family level. Trealease (2013) noted that nine-year-old American children interest in reading at that level is among the best in the world. ![]()
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